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What is opening theory in chess?

Opening theory refers to the accumulated knowledge about chess openings developed over centuries of play:

Components of opening theory:

  • Main lines - The most commonly played and analyzed sequences

  • Side lines - Alternative moves with their own merits

  • Novelties - New moves that improve on existing theory

  • Refutations - Moves that prove a line is flawed

    How theory develops:

  • Master games establish main lines

  • Analysis finds improvements or problems

  • New games test the analysis

  • Computer engines verify accuracy

  • Theory evolves continuously

    Modern theory extends 20-30 moves deep in popular openings like the Najdorf Sicilian. However, understanding ideas matters more than memorizing moves for most players.

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